까지
kkaji
until; up to; even
Marks the endpoint of a range in time, place, or degree ('until/up to'), and can also mean 'even/on top of that' when added to show something goes beyond what was already true.
Form
- Attaches to
- Noun
Meanings
- 1
A postpositional particle referring to the end of a certain range.
어떤 범위의 끝임을 나타내는 조사.
- 2
A postpositional particle referring to an addition to the present state or degree.
현재의 상태나 정도에서 그 위에 더함을 나타내는 조사.
- 3
A postpositional particle used to go beyond the normal degree.
정상적인 정도를 지나침을 나타내는 조사.
Examples
내일까지 글쓰기 숙제를 제출하세요.
Please submit your writing homework by tomorrow.
나는 오늘 일본어로 일부터 십까지 세는 법을 배웠다.
I learned how to count from one to ten in Japanese today.
서울에서 부산까지 차로 가면 다섯 시간 정도가 걸린다.
It takes about five hours to drive from Seoul to Busan.
어제부터 비가 너무 많이 와. 언제쯤 비가 그칠까? 내일 오전까지 계속 온다던데.
It's been raining so much since yesterday. When will it stop? I heard it'll keep raining until tomorrow morning.
최근 노트북 컴퓨터는 가볍고 얇아진 데다 성능까지 좋아졌다.
Recent laptops have gotten lighter and thinner, and even their performance has improved.
지수는 예쁘고 착하기까지 해서 남자들에게 인기가 많았다.
Jisu was pretty and kind, and that on top of it made her popular with men.
Examples: 한국어기초사전, CC BY-SA 2.0 KR.
Don’t confuse with
Forms with a close meaning — a favourite source of wrong answers on TOPIK.
Quick check
1. What does ‘까지’ mean?
2. Which form means “until; up to; even”?