Level 1
Beginner · TOPIK I · 46 points- 이subject markerParticle
- 과and; with; asParticle
- 까지until; up to; evenParticle
- 께서subject marker (honorific)Particle
- 은topic markerParticle
- 도also; too; evenParticle
- 을object markerParticle
- 이랑and; with (casual)Particle
- 으로to; by; as; because ofParticle
- 부터from; sinceParticle
- 에at; in; on; toParticle
- 에게to; for (a person)Particle
- 에서at; in; fromParticle
- 의of; 'sParticle
- 하고and; with (casual)Particle
- 만only; justParticle
- 이다to be; is/am/areParticle
- 한테to; for (a person, casual)Particle
- 보다thanParticle
- -겠-will; probably; going toPre-final ending
- -었-past tense markerPre-final ending
- -으시-subject-honorific markerPre-final ending
- -고and; and thenConnective ending
- -으니까because; since; soConnective ending
- -으러in order to; to (go/come)Connective ending
- -어서and then; because; by (means)Connective ending
- -지만but; althoughConnective ending
- -으려고intending to; in order toConnective ending
- -습니까formal question endingSentence-final ending
- -습니다formal statement endingSentence-final ending
- -읍시다let's (formal)Sentence-final ending
- -으세요polite ending (please; -s/does)Sentence-final ending
- -으십시오formal command ending (please)Sentence-final ending
- -고trailing 'and...' (informal)Sentence-final ending
- -을까I wonder; shall weSentence-final ending
- -어informal ending; and (then)Sentence-final ending
- 이 아니다is notGrammar expression
- -고 싶다want toGrammar expression
- -고 있다to be doingGrammar expression
- -어야 되다have to; mustGrammar expression
- -지 않다do not; is notGrammar expression
- -을 수 있다can; be able toGrammar expression
- -지 못하다cannot; unable toGrammar expression
- -기 전에beforeGrammar expression
- -은 후에afterGrammar expression
- -을 거예요will ~ (I think/plan)Grammar expression· past-paper
Level 2
Beginner · TOPIK I · 64 points- 께to; for (honorific)Particle
- 마다every; eachParticle
- 밖에nothing but; onlyParticle
- 처럼like; asParticle
- 에서부터(서부터)starting from; fromParticle
- 에다가on; onto; in addition toParticle
- 에게로to; toward (a person)Particle
- 에게서from (a person)Particle
- 한테서from (a person, casual)Particle
- 이나or; as much as; even; anyParticle
- -거나orConnective ending
- -는데and; but; so (background)Connective ending
- -으면if; whenConnective ending
- -으면서while; even thoughConnective ending
- -게so that; -ly (manner)Connective ending
- -다가1(1)while; in the middle ofConnective ending
- -기-ing (nominalizer)Transformative ending
- -는present adnominal endingTransformative ending
- -은past adnominal endingTransformative ending
- -을future/prospective adnominal endingTransformative ending
- -은adjective adnominal endingTransformative ending
- -음-ing; the fact that (nominalizer)Transformative ending
- -는군I see that...!; oh, so...!Sentence-final ending
- -을게I will (promise)Sentence-final ending
- -지right?; you know; let'sSentence-final ending
- -는데...!; you knowSentence-final ending
- -네I see; oh!Sentence-final ending
- -을래want to; will you?Sentence-final ending
- -게 되다come to; end up; get toGrammar expression
- -기 때문에because; sinceGrammar expression
- -기로 하다decide to; agree toGrammar expression
- -는 것 같다seems like; I thinkGrammar expression
- -은 지since; it has been (time) sinceGrammar expression
- -는 것the fact/act of -ingGrammar expression
- -는 동안에while; duringGrammar expression
- -은 적이 있다have (done) beforeGrammar expression
- -을 것must (written instruction)Grammar expression
- -을 때when; whileGrammar expression
- -을까 보다thinking I might; worried thatGrammar expression
- -어 보다try doing; have everGrammar expression
- -어 있다to be in a state ofGrammar expression
- -어 주다do for (someone)Grammar expression
- -어도 되다may; be allowed toGrammar expression
- -지 말다don't (negative command)Grammar expression
- -을 수밖에 없다have no choice but toGrammar expression
- -을 것이다will ~ / plan to ~Grammar expression· past-paper
- -기도 하다also happens to ~ / sometimes ~Grammar expression· past-paper
- -기 시작하다start ~ingGrammar expression· past-paper
- -는 게 좋다it would be good to ~Grammar expression· past-paper
- -었으면 좋겠다I wish ~ / I hope ~Grammar expression· past-paper
- -을 계획이다plan to ~Grammar expression· past-paper
- -어 먹다to (do and) eatGrammar expression· past-paper
- -을 필요가 있다need to ~Grammar expression· past-paper
- -고 계시다to be ~ing (honorific)Grammar expression· past-paper
- -기 바라다hope that ~Grammar expression· past-paper
- -을 줄 알다know how to ~Grammar expression· past-paper
- -기 쉽다easy to ~ / likely to ~Grammar expression· past-paper
- -을까 하다thinking of ~ing (tentatively)Grammar expression· past-paper
- -을 생각이다thinking of ~ing / planning to ~Grammar expression· past-paper
- -을 줄 모르다don't know how to ~Grammar expression· past-paper
- -아 계시다to be in a state of ~ (honorific)Grammar expression· past-paper
- -려고 하는데요I'm planning to ~, so... (polite spoken)Grammar expression· past-paper
- -에 없어요is not at/in ~Grammar expression· past-paper
- -은 지 오래되었다it's been a long time since ~Grammar expression· past-paper
Level 3
Intermediate · TOPIK II · 86 points- 같이like; asParticle
- 이고whether X or Y; and allParticle
- 대로as; according to; eachParticle
- 으로부터fromParticle
- 만큼as much as; to the extent ofParticle
- 보고to (a person, casual)Particle
- 뿐only; nothing butParticle
- 아hey (vocative)Particle
- 요polite particleParticle
- 이라고quotative particle ('...')Particle
- -었었-used to; had (discontinued past)Pre-final ending
- -거든if; you see (because)Connective ending
- -는다거나like...or; whether...orConnective ending
- -는다고saying that; because (quoted reason)Connective ending
- -으나but; howeverConnective ending
- -느라고because of (doing); busy doingConnective ending
- -도록so that; until; to the point ofConnective ending
- -어다가take/do and then (bring along)Connective ending
- -어도even if; even thoughConnective ending
- -어야only if; not untilConnective ending
- -어야지must; only whenConnective ending
- -었더니and then (as a result)Connective ending
- -자마자as soon asConnective ending
- -다가1(2)while doing, then; stopped andConnective ending
- -으니since; because; and soConnective ending
- -으려면if (you) intend to; in order toConnective ending
- -던-was ...-ing (retrospective modifier)Transformative ending
- -거든if; you see, becauseSentence-final ending
- -는구나I see that...! (exclamatory)Sentence-final ending
- -는다plain present statement endingSentence-final ending
- -던데you know; I noticed (exclamatory)Sentence-final ending
- -잖아you know; isn't it (that)Sentence-final ending
- -자let's (do)Sentence-final ending
- -니isn't it so?; question endingSentence-final ending
- -게 하다make/let (someone) doGrammar expression
- -고 나다after finishing doingGrammar expression
- -고 말다end up doing; finally (do)Grammar expression
- -고 싶어 하다want to (third person)Grammar expression
- -은 결과as a result ofGrammar expression
- -은 다음에after (doing)Grammar expression
- -는 대신에instead of; in exchange forGrammar expression
- -는 만큼as much as; to the extent thatGrammar expression
- -는 반면whereas; while (contrast)Grammar expression
- -나 보다it seems that; I guessGrammar expression
- -을 텐데I bet...so; probably..., butGrammar expression
- -기 위해in order to; for the sake ofGrammar expression
- 만 아니면if not for; were it not forGrammar expression
- -으면 안 되다must not; not allowed toGrammar expression
- -으면 좋겠다I wish; I hope thatGrammar expression
- -어 가다gradually go on -ingGrammar expression
- -어 가지고and then; because (colloquial)Grammar expression
- -어 놓다do in advance and leave it (so)Grammar expression
- -어 두다do and keep the result; do in advanceGrammar expression
- -어 드리다do for (someone, honorific)Grammar expression
- -어야겠-I really should/mustGrammar expression
- -어지다become; get done; turn (passive/change)Grammar expression
- 에 대하여about; concerningGrammar expression
- -을 테니I will..., so; probably..., soGrammar expression
- -어 오다have been -ing (up until now)Grammar expression
- -기는as if!; not really (mild denial)Grammar expression
- -는 모양이다it looks like; it seemsGrammar expression
- -는 편이다tend to be; be ratherGrammar expression
- -는가 보다it seems that; I guessGrammar expression
- -는 중이다be in the middle of; be in progressGrammar expression
- -으려다가was about to...but; almost did...insteadGrammar expression
- -어 보이다look, seem (to the eye)Grammar expression
- -는다고quotative: (says/said) thatGrammar expression
- 를 통해through / by means ofGrammar expression· past-paper
- -을지 모르다might ~ / not sure if ~Grammar expression· past-paper
- -다 보니as I kept ~ing, (I realized)Grammar expression· past-paper
- -고자 하다in order to ~ / intend to ~Grammar expression· past-paper
- -다 보면if one keeps ~ingGrammar expression· past-paper
- -냐고 묻다ask whether/what ~Grammar expression· past-paper
- -을까 싶다I wonder if ~ / I think maybe ~Grammar expression· past-paper
- -을 뿐만 아니라not only ~ but alsoGrammar expression· past-paper
- -을 뿐 아니라not only ~ but alsoGrammar expression· past-paper
- -을 걸 그랬다should have ~ed (regret)Grammar expression· past-paper
- -을 리가 없다there's no way that ~Grammar expression· past-paper
- -는 데다on top of ~ing / in addition toGrammar expression· past-paper
- -어서 그런지maybe because ~ (that's probably why)Grammar expression· past-paper
- -다고 할 수 있다it can be said that ~Grammar expression· past-paper
- -을 것이라고 하다it is said that ~ will ~Grammar expression· past-paper
- -을 겸both to ~ and, also to ~Grammar expression· past-paper
- -은 지 얼마 안 되었다it's only been a short time since ~Grammar expression· past-paper
- -을 지경이다to the point of ~ (extreme situation)Grammar expression· past-paper
- -나 마나whether or not ~, it makes no differenceGrammar expression· past-paper
Level 4
Intermediate · TOPIK II · 104 points- 커녕let alone; far fromParticle
- 이나마even if only; at leastParticle
- 이며and; as well as (listing)Particle
- 이든whether... or; any (no matter which)Particle
- 이란as for; what is called (defining topic)Particle
- 이면whether it's X or YParticle
- 이야as for X (emphasis)Particle
- 치고for a; without exception; unusually...forParticle
- 까지up to; even; to the point ofParticle
- 이라도even; at least; any (would do)Particle
- 으로서as (a role, status, or qualification)Particle
- 으로써by means of; with (as material/tool)Particle
- 마저even; on top of everythingParticle
- -거니와not only... but also (formal/old-fashioned)Connective ending
- -고도even though; and yet; both...andConnective ending
- -고자in order to; with the intention ofConnective ending
- -기에since; because (I noticed that)Connective ending
- -는지whether; I wonder ifConnective ending
- -다시피as (you can see/know); almost as ifConnective ending
- -더라도even if; even thoughConnective ending
- -든지whether... or; either... orConnective ending
- -으므로because; thereforeConnective ending
- -을래야even if one tries/wants toConnective ending
- -고서after doing; without (doing)Connective ending
- -는다면if; supposing thatConnective ending
- -더니was ...but then; and soConnective ending
- -던데...but; so (background)Connective ending
- -듯이as if; just likeConnective ending
- -을수록the more... the moreConnective ending
- -으며and; while (listing/simultaneous)Connective ending
- -는다니you mean...?!; I can't believe that (surprised question)Sentence-final ending
- -더군I noticed/realized that...Sentence-final ending
- -더라I saw/found that... (recollection)Sentence-final ending
- -어라do! (plain imperative)Sentence-final ending
- -게informal question/reason endingSentence-final ending
- -는다면서I heard that...right? (confirming)Sentence-final ending
- -나question ending (plain/moderate)Sentence-final ending
- -을걸I bet; I should haveSentence-final ending
- -어야지I should/must (plain intent)Sentence-final ending
- -고and? what about...? (adding a follow-up question)Sentence-final ending
- -다니I can't believe that...!Sentence-final ending
- -을 따름이다only; just; nothing more thanGrammar expression
- -고 들다press/insist on doing (confrontationally)Grammar expression
- -고 보다do first (and then realize/see)Grammar expression
- -고 해서because, among other reasonsGrammar expression
- -는 김에while at it; taking the opportunity toGrammar expression
- -는 대로as; just as; as soon asGrammar expression
- -는 사이에while; during the (short) time thatGrammar expression
- -는 듯as if; seem toGrammar expression
- -는 줄(not) know/realize thatGrammar expression
- -는 탓에because of (a negative reason)Grammar expression
- -는다거나such as...or; either...or (listing options)Grammar expression
- -나 싶다I wonder if; I think maybeGrammar expression
- -는 바람에because of (an unexpected, often negative cause)Grammar expression
- -는 한as long asGrammar expression
- 으로 인하여due to; because ofGrammar expression
- 만 같아도if only it were likeGrammar expression
- -어 대다keep on doing (excessively/repeatedly)Grammar expression
- -어서인지maybe because; perhaps it's becauseGrammar expression
- 에 따라according to; depending onGrammar expression
- 에 비하여compared to; relative toGrammar expression
- 에 의하여by; according to (source or agent)Grammar expression
- -어 버리다end up doing completely; go and doGrammar expression
- -을 모양이다it looks like (will happen)Grammar expression
- -을 뻔하다almost did; nearlyGrammar expression
- -는대I heard/they say that... (casual quotative)Grammar expression
- -는 통에because of (a chaotic or disruptive situation)Grammar expression
- -어 나가다keep ~ing forward / carry on ~ingGrammar expression· past-paper
- -을 정도로to the extent that ~Grammar expression· past-paper
- -을지도 모르다might possibly ~Grammar expression· past-paper
- -뿐만 아니라not only ~ but alsoGrammar expression· past-paper
- -을 전망이다is expected/forecast to ~Grammar expression· past-paper
- -었으면 하다wish that ~Grammar expression· past-paper
- -은지 모르다have no idea how ~Grammar expression· past-paper
- -아서는 안 되다must not ~Grammar expression· past-paper
- -었을 것이다must have ~ed / probably ~edGrammar expression· past-paper
- -음에 따라as ~ / in accordance with ~Grammar expression· past-paper
- -을 정도이다is to the extent that ~Grammar expression· past-paper
- -은 것으로 나타났다was found to be ~ / results showed that ~Grammar expression· past-paper
- 만 해도just take ~ for example / even just ~Grammar expression· past-paper
- -어 죽다to death (extremely) ~Grammar expression· past-paper
- -어 달라다ask (someone) to do (for me/us)Grammar expression· past-paper
- -기는 하지만it's true that ~, butGrammar expression· past-paper
- -기는 한데it is ~, but (then again)Grammar expression· past-paper
- -는 줄 알다thought that ~ (mistakenly)Grammar expression· past-paper
- -는 셈이다amounts to ~ / practically ~Grammar expression· past-paper
- -다는 점에서in that ~ / from the point that ~Grammar expression· past-paper
- -는 길에on the way ~ingGrammar expression· past-paper
- -음을 보여 주다show that ~Grammar expression· past-paper
- -에 달려 있다depends on ~Grammar expression· past-paper
- -기를 기다리다wait for ~ to happenGrammar expression· past-paper
- -냐고 하다say/ask whether ~Grammar expression· past-paper
- -을 것이 아니라rather than ~, instead ~Grammar expression· past-paper
- -을 확률이 높다likely to ~ / high probability of ~Grammar expression· past-paper
- -는 한편while, on the other hand ~Grammar expression· past-paper
- -는 것으로 보인다appears/seems that ~Grammar expression· past-paper
- -기에 좋다good for ~ingGrammar expression· past-paper
- -는 걸 보니judging by the fact that ~Grammar expression· past-paper
- -은 탓이다is because of (blame) ~Grammar expression· past-paper
- -에 따라 다르다differs depending on ~Grammar expression· past-paper
- -라고 하다say that ~ / is called ~Grammar expression· past-paper
- -는 중에while in the middle of ~ingGrammar expression· past-paper
- -느니 차라리rather than ~, I'd rather...Grammar expression· past-paper
- -기 무섭게as soon as ~ / no sooner than ~Grammar expression· past-paper
Level 5
Advanced · TOPIK II · 56 points- 이라든가or something likeParticle
- 따라unusually; of all days/thingsParticle
- 조차even (an extreme case)Particle
- -지but; not... butConnective ending
- -을뿐더러not only... but alsoConnective ending
- -고는would do; only ifConnective ending
- -길래because; since (I noticed)Connective ending
- -다가는if one keeps on (doing this)Connective ending
- -을지라도even if; even thoughConnective ending
- -느니rather thanConnective ending
- -네I see; oh! (realization)Sentence-final ending
- -다plain statement formSentence-final ending
- -다니(I can't believe) that...!Sentence-final ending
- 으려고as if...!; you don't mean...?Sentence-final ending
- -거라do (old-fashioned command)Sentence-final ending
- -고말고of course!Sentence-final ending
- -는가(question) — is it...?Sentence-final ending
- -는걸(I notice/realize) that...Sentence-final ending
- -데I saw/found that...Sentence-final ending
- -더라고I found out that... (retelling)Sentence-final ending
- -는다니surprised that (someone said)...Grammar expression
- -었던used to be; had beenGrammar expression
- 에 관하여concerning; aboutGrammar expression
- -자기에because (someone) suggestedGrammar expression
- -게 마련이다it's only natural that; bound toGrammar expression
- -게 생겼다it looks like... (heading for trouble)Grammar expression
- -기 나름이다it depends on how you...Grammar expression
- -기가 바쁘게as soon as; no sooner thanGrammar expression
- -기가 쉽다likely to; prone toGrammar expression
- -기만 하다only; just keep (doing)Grammar expression
- -기에 따라depending on how...Grammar expression
- -기에 앞서(서)before (doing something)Grammar expression
- -은 나머지as a result of; so much thatGrammar expression
- -는 데다가on top of; in addition toGrammar expression
- -는 동시에at the same time asGrammar expression
- -는 듯하다it seems like; appears toGrammar expression
- -는 법이다it's the way things are; bound toGrammar expression
- -는 이상now that; given thatGrammar expression
- -은 채로while still in the state ofGrammar expression
- -는 척하다pretend toGrammar expression
- -는 가운데amid; whileGrammar expression
- 는 말할 것도 없고not to mention; needless to sayGrammar expression
- -을 만하다worth doing; likely enough toGrammar expression
- -을 법하다likely to be; seems plausibleGrammar expression
- -을 테다I will surely; I'm determined toGrammar expression
- -을 테면if you're going to; go ahead and...Grammar expression
- -을 테지만probably, but...Grammar expression
- -으려나 보다it seems (something) is about toGrammar expression
- 를 가지고with; using; over (something)Grammar expression
- -으면 몰라도if it were... but as it isGrammar expression
- 에도 불구하고despite; in spite ofGrammar expression
- -는데도even though; despite (the fact that)Grammar expression
- -어 내다manage to finish; pull offGrammar expression
- -는다기에because (someone) said...Grammar expression
- -는다는 것이meaning to... but insteadGrammar expression
- -는데도 불구하고even though; despite the fact thatGrammar expression
Level 6
Advanced · TOPIK II · 59 points- 마는but; althoughParticle
- 깨나quite a bit of; considerablyParticle
- 이라고as; even; of all thingsParticle
- 을랑as for; when it comes toParticle
- 이라면if it were; if it's...Particle
- -거들랑if (it turns out that)Connective ending
- -노라면as one keeps doing; if one continuesConnective ending
- -건대I dare say; to (say/think)...Connective ending
- -건만even though; and yetConnective ending
- -기로서니even granting that; however muchConnective ending
- -느니만큼since; given thatConnective ending
- -되but; while (stating conditions)Connective ending
- -디so very (repeated for emphasis)Connective ending
- -이라야only if it's; must beConnective ending
- -으련마는would... but (in reality it's not)Connective ending
- -자니when (someone) suggests...Connective ending
- -는다고in order to; because (trying to)Connective ending
- -자면if one intends to; to (do something)Connective ending
- -은들even if; no matter how muchConnective ending
- -을망정,although; even if (it means)Connective ending
- -을라치면whenever I try toConnective ending
- -는구려how...! (old-fashioned exclamation)Sentence-final ending
- -는구먼I see; how... (noticing)Sentence-final ending
- -그려you know; I tell youSentence-final ending
- -으리라will surely; shall (vow/guess)Sentence-final ending
- -으오(polite old-fashioned ending)Sentence-final ending
- -으니you see; isn't that soSentence-final ending
- -거들랑if (it turns out that); you seeSentence-final ending
- -게(informal question/command ending)Sentence-final ending
- -게(informal question/command ending)Sentence-final ending
- -구려how...!; why don't you...Sentence-final ending
- -네I see; (simple statement)Sentence-final ending
- -는구만I see; how... (variant of -는구먼)Sentence-final ending
- -는가(question) — is it...?Sentence-final ending
- -나(question ending)Sentence-final ending
- -던did (you)...? (recalling)Sentence-final ending
- -던가did... I wonder (past)Sentence-final ending
- -던가did... I wonder (past, guessing)Sentence-final ending
- -라(literary statement/command ending)Sentence-final ending
- -으리오how could...? (rhetorical)Sentence-final ending
- -소(old-fashioned polite ending)Sentence-final ending
- -기 일쑤이다tend to; be apt toGrammar expression
- -기 짝이 없다extremely; incomparablyGrammar expression
- 는 마당에given that; now that (things stand)Grammar expression
- -는 한이 있어도even if it means; at the risk ofGrammar expression
- -을 바에rather than; if it comes to thatGrammar expression
- -으려도even trying to; though I try toGrammar expression
- -으리라는that (one) would/will (modifier)Grammar expression
- 를 막론하고regardless of; irrespective ofGrammar expression
- -어 치우다finish off; do away with completelyGrammar expression
- -는다는that... (reported, modifier)Grammar expression
- 이라고는the only thing that is; nothing butGrammar expression
- -는다던가did (someone) say that...?Grammar expression
- -으래서야if that's all it takes to tell someone to...Grammar expression
- -으리라고that (one) would (intention/guess)Grammar expression
- -자면if (someone) suggests/proposesGrammar expression
- -는 경향이 있다tend to ~Grammar expression· past-paper
- -는가 하면while some ~, others...Grammar expression· past-paper
- -는 것이 무엇보다 중요하다it is more important than anything to ~Grammar expression· past-paper